Heesen J, Grote W, Schettler D, Mohr C (1988) Choice of surgical approach in orbital space occupations–an interdisciplinary problem. Acta Otolaryngol 130(8):942–951ĭhellemmes P, Brevière GM, Degrugillier-Chopinet C, Vinchon M (2010) Vascular lesions of the orbit in children. Plast Reconstr Surg 69(3):412–422Įivazi B, Wiegand S, Negm H, Teymoortash A, Schulze S, Bien S, Werner JA (2010) Orbital and periorbital vascular anomalies-an approach to diagnosis and therapeutic concepts. Mulliken JB, Glowacki J (1982) Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics.

Pasyk KA, Dingman RO, Argenta LC, Sandall GS (1984) The management of hemangiomas of the eyelid and orbit. Pertuiset B, Aron-Rosa D (1975) Extra- and intra-cranial radical surgery in orbital angiomas. Stigmar G, Crawford JS, Ward CM, Thomson HG (1978) Ophthalmic sequelae of infantile hemangiomas of the eyelids and orbit. Robb RM (1977) Refractive errors associated with hemangiomas of the eyelids and orbit in infancy. Haik BG, Jakobiec FA, Ellsworth RM, Jones IS (1979) Capillary hemangioma of the lids and orbit: an analysis of the clinical features and therapeutic results in 101 cases. Günalp I, Gündüz K (1995) Vascular tumors of the orbit. Outcomes with a significant relationship to not obtain complete functional and aesthetic restoration included involvement of both eyelids, upper-eyelid involvement, older age, bilateral involvement, diffuse facial pattern OVAs, and OVAs with dimensions greater than one third of the orbit dimension. A complete functional and aesthetic restoration was achieved in 66.6% of the patients. Bone deformities were present in 11.3% of the patients. Those deformities included ptosis, scar sequelae due to ulceration/infection, eyelash or tarsal/ligament distortions, fibroadipose tissue residues, proptosis, or strabism. One or more clinical deformities were identified in association with the OVA. The majority of patients had no clinical treatment prior to the surgery. The majority of patients (98.3%) had no complaints about surgical scars. A total of 379 surgeries were performed to achieve the final result.

A complete resection was performed in 65.9% of the patients. Thirty-seven percent of the patients had OVAs involving the upper eyelid, 23% the lower lid, and 40% both eyelids. The aesthetic results were analyzed according to clinical features and treatment by using the χ 2 association test or Fisher’s exact test. Each patient’s clinical data, technique details, and clinical outcomes were prospectively collected. Two hundred forty-nine patients who underwent surgical treatment of OVAs at our institution between January 1995 and December 2005 were included in a consecutive-series study. The details of the surgical treatment of orbital vascular anomalies (OVAs) are not fully defined in the literature.

Proteus for null anomalies